LEGIONNAIRES’ DISEASE
What is Legionnaires’ Disease?
Legionella is a bacterium that is found in freshwater systems such as lakes or streams. The bacterium becomes a concern when it grows and spreads in artificial and human-made water systems, for example hot tubs, hot water tanks, or large complex plumbing systems. When Legionella grows it can create and spread small droplets that people can breathe in. These droplets, when inhaled, can cause infections in people which may result in two illnesses: Legionnaire’s disease or Pontiac fever.
What are Signs and Symptoms of Legionella?
Legionnaires’ disease symptoms include:
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Fever
- Muscle Aches
- Headaches
Is Legionnaires contagious?
Legionellosis is not contagious, meaning it is not spread from person-to-person. Disease transmission mainly occurs through inhaling Legionella-contaminated, aerosolized water.
What is the Diagnosis and Treatment for Legionella bacteria?
Diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease can be done with a urine test or a lab test that involves taking a sample of sputum or washing from the lung.
Legionnaires’ Disease is treated with antibiotics, and in most cases can be treated successfully.
Who is at high risk?
Most healthy people do not get Legionnaires’ disease after being exposed to Legionella. Increased risk factors include:
- Those 50 years or older
- Those with chronic lung disease, such as emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Current or former smokers
- Those with weakened immune systems or underlying illness (cancer, diabetes, kidney or liver failure)
- Those taking medications that weaken the immune system
How can Legionellosis be prevented?
There is no vaccine to protect against legionellosis. Individuals who are at increased risk for Legionnaires' disease may consider avoiding risky water exposures, like hot tubs and spas or decorative fountains. In addition, people who use respiratory therapy equipment with water, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines, should only use distilled water, and ensure that their devices are cleaned often.
What is Pontiac Fever?
Pontiac fever is different from Legionnaires’ disease because someone with Pontiac fever does not have pneumonia. Pontiac fever is a milder infection than Legionnaires’ disease and symptoms include:
- Fever
- Muscle aches
Resources
Facilities
Main Health Facilities Center
2525 Grand Avenue
Long Beach, CA 90815
Phone: (562) 570-4000
Multi-Service Center for the Homeless »
1301 West 12th Street
Long Beach, CA 90813
Phone: (562) 570-4500
Fax: (562) 570-8234
Ronald R. Arias Health Equity Center - Center for Family and Youth »
6335 Myrtle Avenue
Long Beach, CA 90805
Phone: (562) 570-3300
Fax: (562) 570-3306
Other Facilities »
